How concrete is cured by steam at atmospheric pressure
Concrete blocks
Curing concrete through steam accelerates cement hydration while managing temperature and moisture. For better quality concrete, the mix of concrete and appropriate curing at the beginning of hardening produces the desired strength levels using various curing methods.
What is steam curing?
Steam curing applies water vapour at atmospheric or high pressure when early strength development is needed, particularly in cold weather conditions.
Atmospheric pressure versus high pressure
Atmospheric pressure: Steam below 100°C is used in open-air conditions, sometimes called hot water curing.
High pressure (autoclaving): Performed in closed chambers at 80 to 170 psi and temperatures of 325°F to 375°F.
Steam curing cycle phases
Initial delay: Concrete held at ambient temperature for approximately 180 minutes.
Temperature increase: Raised to 60°C over 120 minutes.
Maximum temperature hold: Maintained at approximately 70°C for 120 minutes.
Cooling: Decreased over 120 minutes.
Important considerations
Steam application requires at least 3 hours after the concrete hardens.
Maximum internal temperature should not exceed 70°C to prevent strength reduction.
Temperature changes should not exceed 22°C to 33°C per hour based on concrete size and shape.
Commonly used for precast elements like railway sleepers and prestressed girders.
On-site steam curing is challenging and often fails to achieve the required strength.
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